Other Gondwanan genera also occur there and in Australia and New Zealand, but most species are restricted to a particular continent. The pine family is completely absent from the Southern Hemisphere, but Cupressaceae cypresses , an ancient family that was in existence before the breakup of Pangea, is represented in both hemispheres. Southern Hemisphere temperate rainforests evolved in isolation from northern hemisphere mid-latitude expressions of the biome.
They instead exhibit evolutionary ties to tropical species, and as a consequence most trees produce edible fruits and rely upon animal pollinators and seed dispersers. Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii var. Alerce or Patagonian cypress Fitzroya cupressoides in the Valdivian forest of Chile and Argentina in the 19th and 20th centuries, before widespread logging, reportedly also grew this tall. Temperate rainforests everywhere are threatened by deforestation and climate change.
Cool, moist marine west coast climates are associated with temperate rainforests growing in coastal areas. These climates are marked by a low annual temperature range with both summers and winters being relatively mild.
Inland northwestern North American and eastern Canadian forests are influenced by continentality and experience greater temperature extremes, particularly in winter when snows may be deep.
Coastal areas in the high latitudes also receive snow. They are joined by smaller conifers such as mountain hemlock and western red cedar. Shore pine is often scrubby and can be found from sea level to the alpine zone, It often grows in muskeg, where yellow cedar also occurs. Intact rainforest means watersheds necessary to support salmon fisheries are protected.
All six species of Pacific salmon spawn in the Tongass and support some of the largest concentrations of brown bears and bald eagles in North America. Great Bear is also home to the marbled murrelet, a robin-sized seabird that nests in clumps of moss high in the tallest and oldest trees.
Fishing at sea, its wastes contribute nutrients to the forest. The salmon fisheries are also important commercially, for recreation, and for subsistence harvesting by the Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian peoples of the region. Seasonal Temperate Rainforest occurs from central Vancouver Island to southern Oregon and inland on the western slopes of the Cascades.
Coastal areas are frequently bathed in fog and sea spray. Most of the inches of annual precipitation falls in autumn and winter. Fires tend to burn and allow for forest replacement every years. The forests on the Olympic Peninsula, including the Hoh Rainforest and the Quinault Rainforest in Olympic National Park are more diverse than the perhumid rainforests and are dominated by Douglas fir, western red cedar, Sitka spruce, and shore pine.
Broadleaf deciduous trees such as bigleaf maple Acer macrophyllum , red alder Alnus rubra , vine maple Acer circinatum , and black cottonwood Populus trichocarpa accompany the conifers.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, "More than a quarter of the world's coastal temperate rain forests occur in the North Pacific coastal forests ecoregion of southeast Alaska.
The Tongass National Forest is a large swath of temperate rainforest located in southeast Alaska. It's the largest national forest in the United States — and the largest remaining temperate rainforest in the world. It's here that you can find some of the last old growth temperate rainforest on the continent. If you like walking through fairytale-like forests, rich with ferns and moss-covered conifers, quiet but for the sound of bird calls or rushing streams, then this unique ecosystem of the Pacific Northwest is a must-visit.
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List of Partners vendors. By Jaymi Heimbuch Jaymi Heimbuch. Jaymi Heimbuch is a writer and photographer specializing in wildlife conservation. Explanation: N. Related questions What is the Law of Tolerance? Can you explain how evolution and biodiversity are related?
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